4D seismic survey is simply a series of three dimensional (3D) seismic surveys over the same area of interest at different times. Here "time" is considered as the 4th dimension.
As a field produces oil or gas, the reservoir fluid distribution and pressure changes. This variation is reflected in seismic surveys,. The difference of surveys taken before and after production can us a clearer picture of remaining oil/gas un-swept or remained trapped and help engineers plan/redesign the depletion strategy like new infill drilling, injection optimization etc.
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